ENGLISH

PRACTICAL PHONOLOGY

	Vowel Sound
Short Vowel	Script	Meaning             &                Practical
/ʌ/ m
ugly	/ˈʌg.li/
uncle	/ˈʌŋ.kl ̩/
Umbrella	/ʌmˈbrel.ə/
umpire	/ˈʌm.paɪə r /
unable	/ʌnˈeɪ.bl ̩/
udder	/ˈʌd.ə r /
ulcer	/ˈʌl.sə r /
under	/ˈʌn.də r /
umbrage	/ˈʌm.brɪdʒ/
un	/ʌn-/
cut	/kʌt/
Long vowel
/ɑː/  M
arm	/ɑːm/
army	/ˈɑː.mi/
argon	/ˈɑː.gɒn/
Arbour /arbor	/ˈɑː.bə r /
march	/mɑːtʃ/
mark	/mɑːk/
car	/kɑː r /
market	/ˈmɑː.kɪt/
calm	/ka:m/
Short Vowel
/i/ ,  (e)
ink	/ɪŋk/
in	/ɪn/
import	/ɪmˈpɔːt/
mission	/ˈmɪʃ. ə n/
ill	/ɪl/
illness	/ˈɪl.nəs/
relax	/rɪˈlæks/
grill	/grɪl/
initial	/ɪˈnɪʃ. ə l/
kill	/kɪl/
Long vowel
/i:/ <
feet	/fiːt/
eat	/iːt/
greed	/griːd/
keen	/kiːn/
scheme	/skiːm/
heel	/hiːl/
weep	/wiːp/
eagle	/ˈiː.gl ̩/
each	/iːtʃ/
Short Vowel
/e / v   (a)
end	/end/
elephant	/ˈel.ɪ.fənt/
cake	/keɪk/
hell	/hel/
Long vowel
/æ / V
cat	/kæt/
act	/ækt/
can	/kæn/
camel	/ˈkæm. ə l/
van	/væn/
pan	/pæn/
man	/mæn/
jam	/dʒæm/
gram	/græm/
Short Vowel
/ɒ / x (o)
orange	/ˈɒr.ɪndʒ/
original	/əˈrɪdʒ.ɪ.nəl/
Oscar	/ˈɒs.kə r /
cop	/kɒp/
office	/ˈɒf.ɪs/
coke	/kəʊk/
Long vowel
/ɔː / X
saw	/sɔː/
jaw	/dʒɔː/
caw	/kɔː/
straw	/strɔː/
short	/ʃɔːt/
fort	/fɔːt/
sure	/ʃɔː r /
raw	/rɔː/
four	/fɔː r /
horse	/hɔːs/
Short Vowel
/u / c
butcher	/ˈbʊtʃ.ə r /
book	/bʊk/
cook	/kʊk/
took	/tʊk/
shook	/ʃʊk/
Long vowel
/u:/ C
Blue	/bluː/
flue	/fluː/
soup	/suːp/
glue	/glu:/
food	/fu:d/
move	/mu:v/
fool	/fu:l/
Short Vowel
/ə / v/
again	/əˈgen/
agree	/əˈgriː/
allow	/əˈlaʊ/
accord	/əˈkɔːd/
alive	/əˈlaɪv/
Long vowel
/3ː /   v`;
fur	/fɜː r /
urgent	/ˈɜː.dʒ ə nt/
furniture	/ˈfɜː.nɪ.tʃə r /
urban	/ˈɜː.b ə n/
earn	/ɜːn/
curfew	/ˈkɜː.fjuː/
	Consonant Sound
b
ball	/bɔːl/
d
dog	/dɒg/
f
flood	/flʌd/
g
ground	/graʊnd/
h
hook	/hʊk/
k
kill	/kɪl/
l
love	/lʌv/
m
moon	/muːn/
n
noon	/nu:n/
p
poor	/pɔː r /
r
rest	/rest/
s
study	/ˈstʌd.i/
t
tin	/tɪn/
v
vase	/vɑːz/
z
zebra	/ˈzeb.rə/
	Special consonant
/j/  g(b/f);gpA
beautiful	/ˈbjuː.tɪ.f ə l/
bureau	/ˈbjʊə.rəʊ/
curfew	/ˈkɜː.fjuː/
few	/fjuː/
nephew	/ˈnef.juː/ ,
/w /  t;t ct;t
what	/wɒt/
which	/wɪtʃ/
will	/wɪl/
worry	/ˈwʌr.i/
wild	/waɪld/
Win	/wɪn/
wick	/wɪk/
swim	/swɪm/
/dʒ / I;>[>n[ (j)
judge	/dʒʌdʒ/
gem	/dʒem/
jam	/dʒæm/
edge	/edʒ/
lodge	/lɒdʒ /
cage	/keɪdʒ/
massage	/ˈmæs.ɑː d  ʒ/
message	/ˈmes.ɪdʒ/
age	/eɪdʒ/
gender	/ˈdʒen.də r /
/t  ʃ / r;>r>nr
Bench	/ben t  ʃ/
Church	/tʃɜːtʃ/
Check	/tʃek/
Match	/mætʃ/
Catch	/kætʃ/
Much	/mʌtʃ/
Such	/sʌtʃ/
Couch	/kaʊtʃ/
Touch	/tʌtʃ/
Chief	/tʃiːf/
/θ/ j>nj>j;>j;j
Thanks	/θæŋks/
Thin	/θɪn/
Thick	/θɪk/
Theme	/θiːm/
Thrill	/θrɪl/
Three	/θriː/
Thief	/θiːf/
Throw	/θrəʊ/
/ð / j>nj>j;>j;j (dh)
That	/ðæt/
Them	/ðem/
Those	/ðəʊz/
Though	/ðəʊ/
the	/ðiː/
/ʃ /  ];>]
Dish	/dɪʃ/
Shy	/ʃaɪ/
Shop	/ʃɒp/
Ship	/ʃɪp/
shave	/ʃeɪv/
Shape	/ʃeɪp/
Shoe	/ʃuː/
Shot	/ʃɒt/
Sure	/ʃɔː r /
/ŋ / d;f; (ng)
Ring	/rɪŋ/
Pink	/pɪŋk/
Jungle	/ˈdʒʌŋ.gl ̩/
Sing	/sɪŋ/
Monkey	/ˈmʌŋ.ki/
Song	/sɒŋ/
Mango	/ˈmæŋ.gəʊ/
Bank	/bæŋk/
	Diphthongs
/ai/  ma;
My	/maɪ/
Sky	/skaɪ/
By	/baɪ/
Thy	/ðaɪ/
Fight	/faɪt/
Night	/naɪt/
Kite	/kaɪt/
Quite	/kwaɪt/
White	/waɪt/
Ice	/aɪs/
/ei/ va;
Eight	/eɪt/
Say	/seɪ/
Weight	/weɪt/
Day	/deɪ/
Nail	/neɪl/
Sail	/seɪl/
Jail	/dʒeɪl/
Aim	/eɪm/
Gain	/geɪn/
Main	/meɪn/
Mail	/meɪl/
/ɔɪ / xa;
Boy	/bɔɪ/
Toy	/tɔɪ/
Joy	/dʒɔɪ/
Soil	/sɔɪl/
Coil	/kɔɪl/
Noise	/nɔɪz/
Boil	/bɔɪl/
Spoil	/spɔɪl/
/ʊə / t;tu;>xu;
Tour	/tʊə r /
Shower	/ʃaʊə r /
Our	/aʊə r /
Tower	/taʊə r /
Towel	/taʊəl/
Vowel	/vaʊəl/
/eə / vu;>vau;
Air	/eə r /
Hair	/heə r /
Swear	/sweə r /
Pair	/peə r /
Fair	/feə r /
Care	/keə r /
Share	/ʃeə r /
chair	/tʃeə r /
Theirs	/ðeəz/
/au/ vt;>m/>Vt;
Cow	/kaʊ/
owl	/aʊl/
/əu/ mt;
Glow	/gləʊ/
Show	/ʃəʊ/
Owner	/ˈəʊ.nə r /
Owe	/əʊ/
Flow	/fləʊ/
Follow	/ˈfɒl.əʊ/
Fellow	/ˈfel.əʊ/
Pillow	/ˈpɪl.əʊ/

Note:-

Ø ze/z/s /se ,Wjpapy; te;jhy; script vOJk; NghJ ,Wjpapy; /z/s/ id ,Ljy;

Ex:- Nose - /nəʊz/  , size - /saɪz/ , Noise - /nɔɪz/

Ø Muk;gj;jpy;  y te;jhy; script vOJk; NghJ  /j/ ,id Kjypy; ,Ljy;

Ex:-  yuck - /jʌk/ , yellow - /ˈjel.əʊ/  , year -  /jɪə r /

Ø Muk;gj;jpy;  x te;jhy; script vOJk; NghJ /z /,id Kjypy; ,Ljy;

ex:- xenon - /ˈzen.ɒn/ ,  Xerox - /ˈzɪə.rɒks/ ,  xylem -  /ˈzaɪ.ləm/

Sounds made by human with theirs mouth

crow verb [ I ] crowed or UK ALSO crew , crowed or UK ALSO crew CRY

2. When a baby crows, it makes sudden cries of happiness.

crunch verb [ I or T ]

to crush hard food loudly between the teeth, or to make a sound as if something is being crushed or broken

She was crunching noisily on an apple.

The gravel crunched underfoot as we walked up to the house.

cry noun SHOUT

1. [ C ] a loud high sound that expresses an emotion

a cry of despair

gasp verb [ I ]

to take a short quick breath through the mouth, especially because of surprise, pain or shock

When she saw the money hidden in the box she gasped in surprise.

[ + speech ] "Help me!" he gasped.

gasp noun [ C ]

when you gasp

He gave a gasp of amazement.

groan noun [ C ]

1. a deep long sound showing great pain or unhappiness

We could hear the groans of the wounded soldiers.

groan noun [ C ]

2. a complaining noise or phrase

He looked at the piles of dirty dishes and gave a groan of dismay.

groan verb [ I ]

1. to make a deep long sound showing great pain or unhappiness

He collapsed, groaning with pain.

[ + speech ] "Not again, " he groaned (= said in a low unhappy voice) .

gurgle verb [ I ]

(of babies) to make a happy sound with the back of the throat, or (of water, especially small streams) to flow quickly while making a low, pleasant sound

The baby lay gurgling in her cot.

Outside of her window the stream gurgled over the rocks.

gurgle noun [ C ]

The water went down the plughole with a loud gurgle.

hiss verb

1. [ I ] to make a noise which is like the first sound in the word 'sing' but which lasts a lot longer

Why do snakes hiss?

The iron was hissing and spluttering.

People in the audience were hissing their disapproval.

hiss noun [ C or U ]

a sound like the letter 's'

I heard a hiss and a pop as the cork came out of the bottle.

hoot verb

1. [ I or T ] to make a short loud high sound

She hooted her horn at the dog in the road.

He hooted with laughter.

keen verb [ I ] literary

to make a loud, long, sad sound, especially because someone has died

moan verb [ I ] SOUND

1. to make a long low sound of pain, suffering or another strong emotion

He moaned with pain before losing consciousness.

"Let me die," he moaned.

moan noun [ C ] SOUND

1. a long low sound of pain, suffering or another strong emotion

We could hear the moans of someone trapped under the rubble.

moans of ecstasy/agony

rasp verb SOUND

1. [ I or T ] to make a rough unpleasant sound, especially while breathing or speaking

I heard his breath rasping in his chest.

The gunman rasped (out) an urgent order (= gave it in an unpleasant-sounding voice) to the other members of the gang.

raspberry noun SOUND

2. [ C ] informal a rude sound made by sticking the tongue out and blowing

The boy turned and blew a raspberry at the teacher before running off.

roar verb

1. [ I ] to make a long, loud, deep sound

We could hear the lions roaring at the other end of the zoo.

roar noun [ C or S ]

a loud, deep sound

The lion let out a loud roar.

His apartment was on a main road and there was a constant roar of traffic .

sound verb NOISE

4. [ I or T ] to make a noise

If the alarm sounds, leave the building immediately.

It sounds like a bird.

He sounds (= speaks) just like someone I used to work with.

Sounding the car's horn, she drove at high speed through the crowded streets.

squall noun [ C ] SHOUT

2. a loud sharp noise

squall verb [ I ]

(especially of a baby) to make a loud sharp noise

wail verb

1. [ I or T ] mainly disapproving to make a long, high cry, usually because of pain or sadness

The women gathered around the coffin and began to wail, as was the custom in the region.

[ + speech ] "My finger hurts, " wailed the child.

wail noun [ C ]

a long, high, loud cry, especially because of something unpleasant

a wail of anguish

the wail of the police sirens

whine noun [ C usually singular ]

an unpleasant high sound or voice

the whine of a circular saw

She delivered the speech in a high-pitched nasal whine.

whistle verb

1. [ I or T ] to make a high sound by forcing air through a small hole or passage, especially through the lips, or through a special device held to the lips

He whistled as he worked.

On the days when she wore a skirt the men on the building site would whistle at her.

Someone was whistling Beatles tunes outside my window.

The referee whistled and the game was over.

whistle noun [ C ]

1. the sound made by someone or something whistling

From the bottom of the garden I recognised my father's tuneless whistle.

It sounded like the whistle of an old-fashioned steam train.

She listened to the whistle of the wind through the trees.

whoop verb [ I ]

to give a loud, excited shout, especially to show your enjoyment of or agreement with something

The audience was whooping and clapping.

wolf-whistle noun [ C ]

a short, high sound, followed by a longer sound that drops from high to low, that is made when you see a person who you find sexually attractive

The last time she went out wearing those ripped jeans she got several wolf-whistles.

yelp verb [ I ]

to make a sudden, short, high sound, usually when in pain

I accidentally trod on the dog's foot and it yelped.

yelp noun [ C ]

yowl verb [ I ]

to make a long, high, unhappy cry, usually when hurt or fighting

I was woken up by cats yowling outside my window.

yowl noun [ C ]

laugh/shout/scream, etc. your head off informal

to laugh, shout, scream, etc. very noisily and for a long time

There I was lying face down on the pavement and you two were laughing your heads off!