Creating a module of pawn broking system in Islamic institution

Group Assignment

&

Presentation

Heading:-

“Creating a module of pawn broking system in Islamic financial institution”

IBM -21023

Group – 04

F.I.A 2^nd Year

Lecture in charge:-

                                                                                                            R.A.Sarjoon

South Eastern University Of Srilanka

Creating a module of pawn broking system in Islamic institution

vkJ jiyg;ghdJ ,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fspy; fhzg;gLtJ Nghd;W \uPMitg; Ngzf;$ba Kiwapy; xU mlF Kiw khjpup xd;iw cUthf;Fjy; vd;gjhFk;. ,d;W mlF vd;w nrhy; cyfpy; gue;jstpy; cgNahfpf;fg;gLtjhfTk; > gpugy;akile;jjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vkJ jiyg;gpw;Fs; EioAk; Kd;du; mlF vd;why; vd;d vd;gJ gw;wpa xU njspthd tpsf;fj;ij ngw Ntz;bAs;sJ. me;j tifapy; ghuk;gu;akhf mlF vd;gJ

“jdpg;gl;l uPjpapNyh my;yJ tpahghu Nehf;fpNyh kf;fSf;F cWjpahd fld;fis toq;FtJld;  flid jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jk; tiu toq;fpa flDf;F gjpyhf jdpg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sjy;.” vdg;gLfpd;wJ.

,t;thwhf toq;fpa flDf;fhf nrhj;Jf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjid Mq;fpyj;jpy; collateral  vd miof;fg;gLk;. collateral  vd;why;

 “flDf;F gzk; ngw;w xUtUf;F nrhe;jkhd ngWkjpkpf;f nrhj;J” vd;w mu;j;jj;ij toq;FtJld; mtu;fs; flidj; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jhj glrj;jpy; mtu;fSila nrhj;J fld; toq;fpa egUf;Nfh my;yJ epWtdj;Jf;Nfh nrhe;jkhFk; vd;w epge;jidf;F fl;Lg;gl;l nrhj;jhFk; .

mlF vd;w ,r;nrhy; ,yj;jPd; nkhopahd pignus vd;w (thf;FWjp) vd;w nrhy;ypypUe;J Njhw;wk; ngw;wjhFk;.  

VjhtJ nghUs; flDf;fhf mlF itf;fg;gl;lhy; xg;ge;jj;jpy;  Fwpg;gplg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; mlF itj;jtu; mjidj; jpUg;gpg; ngwNtz;batuhf fhzg;gLfpd;whu;. Mdhy; ,tu; thq;fpa flidj; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jk; NghJ mjDld; tl;bj; njhifiaAk; Nru;j;J nrYj;jf; $batuhf fhzg;gLfpd;whu;. ,tu; ngw;w flDld; tl;bia nrYj;j KbahJ vd kWf;f KbahJ. Vnddpy; mtu; flidg; ngWk;NghJ ,e;epge;jidf;F cl;gl;bUg;ghu;.

,t;thwhf flDf;F ngw;w gzj;jpid jpUg;gpr; nrYj;Jtjw;fhd fhyg;gFjp> tl;bapd; msT vd;gd rl;lj;jhNyh my;yJ fld; toq;Fk; epWtdk; > egupdJ tpjpKiwfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. thq;fpa ,f;fld; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jg;glhtpbd; fld; toq;fpatu;fs; fld; ngw;wtupl;k; ngw;w mlFr; nrhj;ij tpw;gjw;F cupik ngw;wtuhthu;. ,J gw;wp fld;ngw;wtUf;F mwptpf;f Ntz;ba fl;lhaKk; ,tu;fSf;F fpilahJ. mNjNtis mtu;fs; fld;ngw;wtupd; nrhj;ij mtupd; fldpd; msTf;Fj;jhd; tpw;fNtz;Lk; vd;w epge;jidAk; fpilahJ. mtu;fs; tpUk;gpa njhiff;F mjid tpw;gid nra;aKbAk;. ,JNt ghuk;gu;akhf ele;J tUfpd;w mlF KiwahFk;. 

15k; Ehw;whz;by; mlF KiwahdJ tpahghu eltbf;ifahf rPd tu;jjfu;fshy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 1800f; F Kd;du; Mrpahtpy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mNj Nghy; kNyrpahtpy; 1811f;F Kd;du; Muk;gpj;jJ. ,jid njhopyhf elj;Jtjw;fhd mDkjp gpupl;b]; fhyzpj;Jt Ml;rpapy; 1871y; toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,];yhkpa mlFr;NritahdJ 1990f;F Kd;du; Muk;gpj;jpUe;jJ.

,k;KiwahdJ tl;bia mbg;gilahf nfhz;l xU Kiwahf eilngw;WtUfpd;wJ. tl;bia gpujhd ,yhgkhf fUjpNa gy epWtdq;fSk; > egu;fSk; ,jid tpahghu Nehf;fpy; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjid vk;khy; fz;Lnfhs;s KbAk;. ,];yhkhdJ mlFf;F fld; toq;Ftjpid mDkjpj;jpUe;j NghjpYk; Nkw;$wpa Kiwf;F Kw;wpYk; khw;wkhd xU Kiwia cyf kf;fSf;F fhl;bj;je;Js;sJ. ,J tl;bia KOjhf xopg;gJld; ,];yhkpa \uPahitAk; eilKiwg;gLj;jf;$bajhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,k;Kiwapid ,];yhk; mu;-w`;d; vd miof;fpd;wJ. mu;w`;d; vd;why; thf;FWjp>ghJfhg;G vd;w muj;jj;jpid ,J toq;Ffpd;wJ. my;Fu;Md; ,jw;fhd topKiwfis fhl;bj;je;Js;sJ. fld; thq;Fjw;fhd xg;ge;jq;fs; (wp`hDy; kf;Gjh) Nghd;wtw;iwAk; my;Fu;Md; tpsf;fpAs;sJ. ,J gw;wp my;Fu;Md;

 “xt;nthU Mj;khTk; jhd; rk;ghjpj;jtw;wpw;F gpizahf;fg;gl;ljhFk;” (74:38) vd Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

“Every soul is in pledge or rahina for its deeds” (74:38).

mNjNghy; K`k;kj; (]y; ) mtu;fs; Fwpg;gpLk; NghJ

“The soul of a believer is marhuma or pledge for the debt until it is paid off”   

vdTk; Fwpg;gpl;L ,t;tlF Kiwia mq;fPfupf;fpd;wd.

                             

me;j tifapy; ,];yhk; mDkjpj;j topKiwapy; vt;thW mlFf;F nghUl;fis ngw;W kf;fSf;F fld; toq;Fk; Nritapid eilKiwg;gLj;jyhk; . ,tw;wpd; %yk; ,];yhkpa \uPMTk; gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;ba mNj Ntis ,t;tlFf; fld; toq;Fk; mikg;G njhlu;r;rpahf ,aq;ff;$bajhfTk;> tl;bapd;wp ,yhgk; ngwf;$bajhfTk; vt;thW eilKiwg;gLj;j KbAk; vd;gjidf; ftdpg;Nghk;.

ghuk;gu;a mlFKiwAk; ,];yhkpa mlFKiwAk; rpy tplaq;fspy; xj;jjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fspd; itg;Gf;fs; ghuk;gu;a epjpepWtdq;fspd; itg;ig xj;jjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,q;F tl;b jilnra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. mNj Nghy; ,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fspd; xg;ge;jq;fs; ghuk;gu;a epjpepWtdq;fis tpl Kw;wpYk; NtWgl;ljhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fspy; fldhdJ gpd;tUk; 4 mbg;gilfspy; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 1. my; - fu;o; `]d;  - tl;baw;w fld;

2. my; - tjPM mj;mkhdh`;  - ngWkjpkpf;f nghUl;fis ghJfhj;J itj;jy;

3. my; - ,[huh   - thlif nfhLg;gdT

4. mu; - w`;d; - mlF

me;jtifapy; ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fspy; mlFr;NritahdJ jq;fj;jpid mbg;gilahf nfhz;Nl ,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;. jq;fk; my;yhJ NtW nghUl;fis ,k;Kiwf;F cgNahfpg;gjhy; gy rpf;fy;fisAk; ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fs; vjpu;nfhs;s Ntz;bNaw;gLk;. jq;fk; gpujhdkhf mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;L kw;wait Vd; kWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;w Nfs;tp ,q;F voyhk; mjw;F rpy epahaq;fisAk; Kd;itf;f KbAk;.

01.  jq;fkhdJ kPs; tpw;gid nra;tjw;F ,yFthdjhf fhzg;gLk;:-

fld;gl;ltu; ngw;w flid jpUg;gpr; nrYj;j Kbahjtuhf fhzg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy; mtupd; mDkjp ngw;W mjid me;j rkaj;jpy; nry;Yk; tpiyf;F tpw;W (Market price) flDf;Fupa njhifiag; ngw;W Vndatw;iw cupatuplk; xg;gilf;f KbAk;.

02.  jq;fj;jpd; ngWkjp Fiwtjw;Fupa tha;g;G kpfTk; mupJ :-

cyfpy; jw;fhyj;ijg; nghWj;jtiu jq;fj;jpd; ngWkjp fhyj;jpw;F fhyk; $br; nry;fpwNj jtpu Fiwe;jjhf vk;khy; fhzKbahJ. mt;thW Fiwaf; $ba NtW VjhtJ nghUis mlfhf ngw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; fld;gl;ltu; mtuJ  flid jpUg;gpr; nrYj;j Kbahj NghJ epjpepWtdq;fSf;F mjid tpw;fNtz;ba epiy Vw;g;llhy; fld; nfhLj;jtu; jdJ flid tplTk; Fiwthd njhifiaNa ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk; ,e;epiyia jtpu;f;fNt jq;fk; mlFg; nghUshf ngwg;gLfpd;wJ.

03.  jq;fr; rq;fpyp>tyay;>Nkhjpuk; vd;gdtw;iw Nrkpf;f rpwpa ,lk; NghJkhdJ:-

Nkw;$wpa nghUl;fis Nrkpf;f xU ciwNa NghJkhdjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; epjp epWtdq;fspy; ,jid ghJfhf;f ngupa ,lk; xJf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy rpwpa ,lNk NghJkhdJ.

04.  ngz;fs; mjpfstpy; jq;fr;rq;fpyp>Nkhjpuk; Nghd;wtw;iw tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;. NkYk; jpUkzk; Nghd;w tpN\l epfo;Tfspy; fye;Jnfhs;Sk; NghJ mzpe;J nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ,jd; NghJ jq;f eiffs; mlfhf ngwg;gl;lhy; mtu;fspd; Njit ,tw;wpd; kPJ ,Ug;gjhy; ,yFtpy; ,jid ,tu;fs; jdJ flid nrYj;jp kP;l;;ff; $batu;fhf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

,t;thwhd fhuzq;fspd; %yk; ,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fspy; jq;fj;jpid mlkhdg; nghUshf cgNahfpg;gJ rpwe;jnthU topKiwahf fhzg;gLk;.

,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fs; mlFr;Nritia Nkw;$wpa Kiwapy; toq;Ftjd; %yk; vt;thW tl;bapd;wp tUkhdj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJld; jkJ Nritia mr;r%fj;jpw;F njhlu;r;rpahf toq;f KbAk; vd;gjidf; ftdpg;Nghk.; gpd;tUk; topKiwfs; %yk; ,];yhkpa tq;fpfs; tUkhj;ij <l;bf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

01.  tjPM – my; mkhdj; :- (Locality)

,J nghUl;fis ghJfhj;J toq;Ftjidf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,k;KiwahdJ ,];yhj;jpy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l KiwahFk;. xUtUila nghUis mtUf;fhf rpwe;j Kiwapy; ghJfhj;J mtuplk; kPz;Lk; xg;gilj;jiy ,J Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. me;j tifapy; mlFitj;Jtpl;L fld;ngw;wtUila nghUl;fs; ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fshy; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L mtuplk; cupa Kiwapy; kPz;Lk; xg;gilf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,r;Nritapid thbf;ifahsUf;F toq;Ftjw;fhf ,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fs; xU FWfpa njhifapid thbf;ifahsuplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk; .

02.  ghJfhg;gpw;fhd Copau;fis epakpj;jy; :- (security)

Nkw;$wpa Nritapid toq;f mjw;F jFjpahd ghJfhg;ghsiuAk; epakpf;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. thbf;ifahsupd; clikfs; jpUlg;gl;lhNyh> Nrjkhf;fg;gl;lhNyh mjw;F ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fs; nghWg;Gr;rhl Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,jw;F ghJfhg;Gf; flikapy; <LgLtjw;fhf thbf;ifahspulkpUe;J rpW njhifnahd;wpidAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sy;.

03.  ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;fhd thlif:- (Ijara)

thbf;ifahsu;fs; jq;fsplk; mlF itf;Fk; eiffis cupa Kiwapy; ghJfhf;f ,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fshdJ rpwe;j ghJfhg;ghd ,lnkhd;iw xJf;f Ntz;ba Njit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tplj;jpy; jkJ thbf;ifahsupd; nghUl;fis ghJfhj;J mtu;fSf;F cupa Kiwapy; jkJ Nritapid Mw;Wtjw;fhf jkJ thbf;ifahsuplkpUe;J rpwpanjhU njhifia epjp epWtdq;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk; . ,J ,];yhj;jpy; mt;tplj;jpw;fhd thliff; fl;lzk; mjhtJ ,[huh vd;w mikg;gpw;Fs; cs;slq;ff;$bajhf fhzg;gLk;.

04.  jukhd Nritapid toq;Fjy; :- (service quality)

thbf;ifahsUf;F jukhd Nritapid ,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fs; toq;Ffpd;wd. ,r;NritfSf;fhf mtu;fsplk; rpwpanjhU njhifapidAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

cjhuzkhf:- jghy; %y mwpTUj;jy;> mtu;fsJ mlF rk;ge;jkhd tpguq;fs;>khjhe;j> tUlhe;j mwpf;iffis thbf;ifahsu;fSf;F toq;Ftjw;fhf mtu;fsplk; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; fl;lzk;.

05.  Kfhikg;gLj;jy; Nrit:- (management)

rupahd Kifhikg;gLj;jypd;wp ve;jnthU epWtdj;jpdhYk; ve;jtpj NritapidAk; toq;f KbahJ. me;jtifapy; cupa Kiwapy; mlFr;Nritapid epiwNtw;w Kfhikg;gLj;j Ntz;ba Njit ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fSf;F fhzg;gLtJld;. mtw;wpw;fhd Ml;gilfisAk; ,izj;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,t;thwhd eltbf;iffspd; %yk; thbf;ifahsupd; mlF njhlu;ghd Kfhikg;gLj;jy;fis Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk; . mtw;wpw;F thbf;ifahsuplkpUe;J rpwpanjhU njhifapid ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.  

06.  mstplYk; fzpg;gPLfis Nkw;nfhs;sYk; :- (measuring & censes)

,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fspy; mlFr;Nritia ehbtUk; thbf;ifahsu;fs; mlF itf;f nfhz;LtUk; nghUl;fis mstpl;L fzpg;gPLfis Nkw;nfhz;L mjw;Fupa flid toq;f ,e;epWtdqfs; flikg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jw;fhf tq;fp mstPl;Lf; fUtpfis nfhs;tdT nra;J me;eltbf;ifapid Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd. mf;fUtpfs; thbf;ifahsupd; Njitf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; mtu;fsplkpUe;J mt;Ntisf;fhd $op vd;w Nehf;fpy; rpW njhifnahd;wpidAk; ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

07. jfty;fis Nrkpj;jYk; xOq;FgLj;jYk;:- (Data collection & analyze)

mlFr;Nritapid ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fs; jdJ thbf;ifahsUf;F toq;Fk;NghJ jkJ thbf;ifahsu; xt;nthUtu; njhlu;ghd jfty;fis jpul;b> xOq;FgLj;jp> Nrkpf;fTk; nra;aNtz;bAs;sJ. ,jw;fhd fl;lzq;fis ,it thbf;ifahsuplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sKbAk;.

08.  jhkjf; fl;lzk;:- (Later fees) :-

,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fs; jq;fsJ mlFf; fld;fis vy;iyaw;w fhyq;fSf;F toq;f KbahJ . gzj;NjitAs;s gyUk; ,e;epWtdq;fis ehbtUfpd;wdu;. mt;thW ehbtUfpd;w miztuJ NjitiaAk; epiwNtw;Wk; nghWg;igAk; ,it Vw;Ws;sd . MfNt thbf;ifahsUf;F Fwpg;gpl;l xU fhyj;jpw;F mlFf;flid toq;f KbAk;. mt;thwhf mt;Tupa fhyg;ggFjpf;Fs; jkJ flidr; nrYj;jp jq;fsJ mlkhdg; nghUl;fis kPl;fj; jtWgtu;fSf;F jz;lg;gzkhf jhkjf;fl;lzj;ij tpjpf;fKbAk;. mtw;wpd; %yk; cupa fhyj;jpw;Fs; thbf;ifahsu; jkJ flidj; jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jTk; gof;fg;gl;Lf; nfhs;fpd;wdu;.

09.  Kftu; $op :- (Agency)

Nkw;$wpa Kiwapy; mlF itf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fs; cupa Kiwapy; thbf;ifahsuhy; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyg;ggFjpf;Fs;s kPl;fg;glhtpbd; mjw;F jhkjf;fl;lzk; ngw KbAk;. ,t;thW jhkjf;fl;lzj;ijAk; njhlu;r;rpahf ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fs; ngwKbahJ. 3 Kiw thbf;ifahsu; xUtUf;F fhy mtfhrk; jz;lg;gzj;Jld; toq;fgl;Lk; mtu; jdJ flid jpUg;gpr; nrYj;jp jdJ clikia jpUg;gpg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahjtuhf fhzg;gbd; mtupd; mDkjpngw;W mtupJ clikia tpw;gid nra;tjpy; ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fs; <LgLk; . mt;thW tpw;gid nrA;Ak; NghJ mg;Nghija mg;nghUspd; ngWkjp fzpg;gplg;gl;L tpw;fg;gLk;. mt;thW tpw;fg;gl;l gpd;du; thbf;ifahsu; toq;f Ntz;ba fld; mtu; nrYj;j Ntz;ba jhkjf;ffl;lzk; vd;gtw;iw ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L Vnda thbf;ifahsUf;Fupa njhifia toq;Fk; .mt;thwhd Nritia ,e;epWtdq;fs; thbf;ifahsUf;fhf tpw;Wf;nfhLg;gjpd; %yk; Kftu; Ntiyapy; <LgLfpd;wd. ,k;Kftu;; Nritapid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf thbf;ifahsuplk; cupa njhifg;gzj;jpidg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,J ,];yhj;jpd; tfhyh vd;w mikg;gpw;Fs; cs;slq;ff;$bajhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

10.  fhg;GWjp Nrit:- (Insurance)

,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fspy; jkJ ngWkjpkpf;f nrhj;Jf;fis thbf;ifahsu;fs; mlfhf itj;J gzk; ngWfpd;wdu;. mtu;fs; mlfhf itf;fpd;w nghUl;fs; mtu;fSf;F Kf;fpakhdjhf fhzg;glyhk;. jpUl;L> epjp epWtdq;fspd; m[hf;fpuij Nghd;w fhuzq;fspdhy; thbf;ifahsupd; nghUl;fSf;F VjhtJ Nrjk; Vw;gLkhapd; mjw;F epjp epWtdq;fs; nghWg;ngLf;ff; $bajhf fhzg;gLk;. Mdhy; ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; Vw;gLk; Nrjq;fSf;F epjp  epWtdq;fs; nghWg;Ngw;f KbahJ. ,it jtpu;f;f KbahjjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd re;ju;g;gq;fspd; NghJ thbf;ifahsu; jkJ mlF itj;j ngWkjpkpf;f nghUspw;fhf e\;l <L Nfhuf;$ba re;ju;g;gj;jpid ,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fs; fhg;GWjpapDhlhf toq;Ffpd;wd. thbf;ifahsu;fs; jhk; tpUk;gpdhy; jkJ ngWkjpkpf;f nghUl;fSf;fhf fhg;GWjp nra;J jkJ nghUl;fSf;F Nrjk; Vw;gLfpd;w re;ju;g;gj;jpy; el;l<L Nfhuf;$batu;fshf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,J jfhGy; vd;w mbg;gilf;Fs; cs;slq;ff;$bajhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,r;Nritf;fhd fl;lzq;fisAk; ,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fs; cl;Nruj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAk;.   

Nkw;$wpa topKiwfspd; %yk; ,];yhkpa r%fj;jpy; ,];yhkpa \uPM epiyepWj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ kl;Lkd;wp ,];yhkpa epjpepWtdq;fs; jq;fsJ tUkhdj;ijAk; ngWf;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk; . mtw;wpd; %yk; jkJ thbf;ifahsUf;fhd mlFr;Nritiaia nk;dNkYk; rpwe;j Kiwapy; ,];yhkpa epjp epWtdq;fshy; Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. 

                        

Group Members:-

Ø   M.H. Zafras Ahamed    - SEU/IS/09/IA(I)/031             [Leader]